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Ranking of 20 Drug Companies' Sales Forces Shows Productivity Flat or Declining

By Jim Edwards | Feb 24, 2009

A ranking of drug company sales productivity shows Gilead gets the most revenues in return for every dollar invested in reps and marketing.

At the other end of the table, Sepracor gets the least bang for its sales, general and administrative buck (see table below).

The ranking also shows there appears to be very little relationship between size and productivity. Some large companies, like Pfizer, are near the top of the table, while the lower end has its fair share of smaller operations such as Shire.

That potentially indicates that sales force efficiency is more a factor of product mix than it is of the efficiencies of scale often cited by pharma management.

Gilead, the runaway most efficient generator of its own revenues, has a portfolio concentrated in specialist HIV drugs. Sepracor, however, is more concentrated in insomnia and asthma — areas handled by primary care physicians, many of whom are disinterested in seeing reps.

The second and third most efficient companies, Teva and Genentech, are in very different businesses. But like Gilead they are mid-size companies and have specialties, Teva in generics and Genentech in biotech and cancer. There seems to be a significant advantage in specializing.

Also of concern: Most companies’ sales productivity is trending flat or down. Of 20 companies looked at, only four appeared to have efficiency levels trending up.

The bottom of the table contains some worries for very large companies AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Schering-Plough and Novartis. Companies of that size ought to be able to save some money from efficiencies of their massive scale, but their ability to generate revenues is still magnitudes lower than lumbering giants such as Sanofi-Aventis, Abbott Labs and Pfizer.

BNET produced the numbers by dividing a company’s revenues by its spending on SG&A, producing a revenue yield per $1 of SG&A. Those results were compared to the previous four quarters to identify a trend.

  • 20 Drug Companies Ranked by Sales and Marketing Efficiency*
  • Rank, Name, Yield, Trend
  • 1. Gilead: 7.37 Up
  • 2. Teva: 4.19 Down
  • 3. Genentech: 4.15 Up
  • 4. Sanofi: 3.64 Flat
  • 5. Abbott: 3.46 Flat
  • 6. Pfizer: 3.37 Flat
  • 7. Amgen: 3.31 Down
  • 8. Wyeth: 3.25 Flat
  • 9. Merck: 3.24 Down
  • 10. Lilly: 3.20 Flat
  • 11. BMS: 3.03 Down
  • 12. Novo: 2.94 Up
  • 13. AZ: 2.87 Down
  • 14. Novartis: 2.74 Down
  • 15. Schering: 2.69 Flat
  • 16. J&J: 2.68 Down
  • 17. GSK: 2.53 Down
  • 18. Allergan: 2.44 Down
  • 19. Shire: 2.26 Flat
  • 20. Sepracor: 2.18 Up
  • * Source: Companies’ quarterly earnings statements

Jim Edwards, a former managing editor of Adweek, has covered drug marketing at Brandweek for four years, and is a former Knight-Bagehot fellow at Columbia University's business and journalism schools. Follow him on Twitter or send him an email.

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  •  
    1

    null

    02/25/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Ranking of 20 Drug Companies' Sales Forces Shows Productivity Flat or Declining

    I would like to know about the methodology followed to rank these companies.

  •  
    2

    null

    02/25/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Ranking of 20 Drug Companies' Sales Forces Shows Productivity Flat or Declining

    I would like to know about the methodology followed to rank the above mentioned companies

  •  
    3

    BNET's Jim Edwards

    02/25/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Ranking of 20 Drug Companies' Sales Forces Shows Productivity Flat or Declining

    The methodology is explained in the final paragraph of the story. Here it is again for those who missed it:

    BNET produced the numbers by dividing a company?s revenues by its spending on SG&A, producing a revenue yield per $1 of SG&A. Those results were compared to the previous four quarters to identify a trend.

  •  
    4

    jonmrich

    02/25/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Ranking of 20 Drug Companies' Sales Forces Shows Productivity Flat or D

    Overall this is a good analysis. Probably a
    million other ways you could do this, but this
    makes a good deal of sense to me. However, the
    methodology doesn't seem to match with the
    title. To measure sales force efficiency,
    shouldn't you be considering the number of
    sales reps as part of the equation? Such as
    SG&A divided by number of reps or revenue
    divided by number of reps.

  •  
    5

    BNET's Jim Edwards

    02/25/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Ranking of 20 Drug Companies' Sales Forces Shows Productivity Flat or Declining

    @jonmrich: You're absolutley correct. This analysis could be a lot more sophisticated. SG&A is a gross number that encompasses a multitude of sins, including advertising, promotions, sales reps and the cost of rent and paper clips.

    However, companies tend not to break out that level of detail when they report their finances.

    Readers should regard these numbers as simply a measure of how efficiently companies martial their marketing/sales/admin resources every quarter. It's a rough-n-ready look. My take concentrates on reps a lot because reps and advertising and marketing tend to be by far the majority cost of SG&A.

  •  
    6

    mjk1000

    02/26/09 | Report as spam

    RE: Ranking of 20 Drug Companies' Sales Forces Shows Productivity Flat or Declining

    I would greatly question the validity of this analysis. Measuring the efficiency of reps, or even efficiency of investment in SG&A at this level ignores countless material factors:

    Each company's product portfolio's therapeutic areas, clinical data, competitors, countries of sale, time in lifecycle, reimbursement standards and so forth.

    A sales force's productivity should be measured in terms of the value it produces excluding extraneous factors. E.g. a sales force producing 10% growth in a highly competitive market, where a product would have experienced a 20% decline without sales effort is more productive than one that drives 15% growth in an exclusive market.

    Or, to take a more concrete example: you can't look at Allergan, which is a global company selling a largely cash-pay cosmetic/plastics portfolio of both drug and surgical products into a recessionary economy to Genentech, which sells mainly serious chronic illness products (read: covered by reimbursement) in the US only, and then say - see Allergan's sales force is less productive.

    It would be fairer to say that companies are spending more or the same on SG&A relative to their revenues, but to draw productivity conclusions from that information alone doesn't make much sense.

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